In What Temperatures Can a Willow Tree Survive?

Willow tree species grow from southern Mexico to northern Alaska. Whether you choose to plant the arroyo willow or the sitka willow, make certain the right tree is planted in the right area. Some willow species will not tolerate frost or long winters while others are prone to disease when exposed to excessive warmth and humidity. Some willow species, like the weeping willow (Salix x sepulcralis), exhibit branches that arch and droop while others, like the pussy willow (Salix discolor), are small upright shrubs.

Weeping willow trees are a large, dramatic species native to China but have found a home in the United States along both coasts as well as into Michigan and the Southwest. The tree is highly adapted to a variety of soils and climates, making it a problem in some areas. In Oregon, Washington, North Carolina and West Virginia, the tree's shallow water-loving root system blocks waterways while its heavily shading branches prevent native plants from receiving sunlight they need in order to grow. Before planting a weeping willow, ensure that it is not invasive in your area. Consult your local master gardener extension to determine if your planting area is suited for this tree type.

Northern willow, sage leaf willow, felt leaf, arctic and little tree willow grow in Canada's extreme northern climates where they withstand temperatures as low as minus 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The Arizona willow grows only in the Southwestern United States. Coastal plain willow is a warm climate willow found throughout the southeastern United States. Both of these willows are not adapted to harsh winter conditions. Consult your local master gardeners or visit your area's arboretum to learn about the best willow trees for your area.

Even trees capable of surviving harsh climates require proper care in order to maintain their aesthetic value and structural integrity. Ice accumulation, particularly in weeping varieties, causes crown damage. Seasonal pruning prevents ice accumulation and aids in aeration. Air circulation allows warm air into the tree's canopy and prevents ice buildup in winter. In warm weather, air circulation prevents disease and fungal infestation. In areas where winters tend to be snowless and dry, ensure your willow receives adequate irrigation. Moisten soil to a depth of 2 feet within the tree's canopy prior to winter. Dry winter soils contribute to lackluster springtime growth.

Landscapers plant willow trees not only for their shade but also their winter interest. The dramatic weeping branches, when contrasted against winter landscapes, prove visually stunning. Willow trees, though at times massive in size, have brittle wood, making them prone to wind and weather damage. Place willow trees in areas with some protection and with sunlight access.